The Marteau Early 18th-Century Currency Converter

Newton's Mint Assay, 1702

We have published the complete Newton Mint Reports seperately – the following table is a digest of Newton's 1702 assay concentrating on his analysis of prominent European silver coins. To allow currency conversions – where Newton evaluated coins – we have added some additional computations: Column i gives you the coin Newton anaylsed, column ii Newton's evaluation, columns iii and iv. our default rates in pounds sterling (iii) versus the currency in question (iv), column v modifies this evaluation according to Newtons findings – column viii gives you the discrepancy between our rates and Newton's observation.

If you want to use Newton's results for currency conversions use column vi: in which you find all coins brought onto the value of their central currency-units and then onto one level with the pound sterling – the column now gives you the precise parities of the currencies against each other (the currency value based on the value of the respective coin in question). Paritius used a rate of £ 9 against 100 Dutch fl., you may now use a Newton rate of £1 against 10.98 and or 11.57 Dutch fl. according to the coins you change.

The table shows several gaps: we do not know how Cologne's Ducaton Newton saw stood against the Reichsthaler and we do not have proper data for Italy's currencies (our tools should give a fair view on Venice).

i ii iii iv v vi vii viii

Coin pence Our Default Precisely Newton Rate Currency Discrepancy

[Pound Sterling] 240.00 1 1 1.00 1 Pound Sterling 0.00%

The Ecu of France or Piece of 60 sols. Turnois 54.13 3 40 39.90 13.3 French Livres -0.24%

The three-Guilder piece of Holland or piece of 60 styvers 62.46 9 100 103.75 11.53 Dutch Guilders 3.75%

The Ducaton of Holland or piece of 63 Styvers 65.59 9 100 103.74 11.53 Dutch Guilders 3.74%

The Patagon or Rix doller of Holland or piece of 50 Styvers 52.28 9 100 103.29 11.48 Dutch Guilders 3.29%

The 10-schelling piece of Zeland. or piece of 60 styvers 62.21 9 100 104.16 11.57 Dutch Guilders 4.16%

The Lyon Doller of Holland or of the Ducaton 43.70 9 100 98.86 10.98 Dutch Guilders -1.14%

The Ducaton of Flanders or pieces of 60 sols or Patars 66.15 9 16 16.33 1.81 Pond Vlaams 2.04%

The Patagon or cross Doller of Flanders or piece of 48 Patars 52.91 9 16 16.33 1.81 Pond Vlaams 2.06%

The Doller or Patagon of the Bishop of Liege 52.48 9 16 16.46 1.83 Pond Vlaams 2.90%

The Ducaton of Cologn 65.20 9 40 Reichsthaler

The Doller of Cologn 52.53 9 40 41.12 4.57 Reichsthaler 2.80%

The Piastre of Spain or Sevil piece of 8 Reaus now raised to 10 53.88 51 1900 2271.71 44.54 Spanish Reals 19.56%

The New Sevil piece of eight 43.11 51 1900 2271.40 44.54 Spanish Reals 19.55%

The Crusado of Portugal of 400 Res now raised to 480 34.31 1 3565 3357.62 3357.62 Port. Reals -5.82%

A Ducat of Naples of 10 Carlins or 5 Tarins 40.43

An Escuti or Ecu of Rome or piece of 10 Julios 1684 40.43

The Teston of Rome or piece of three Julios 18.21

The Ducat of Florence & Leghorn or piece of 7 livres 64.57

The Crown of Florence & Leghorn or ⁴/5 of the Ducat 51.66

The Croisat of Genoa or piece of 7½ lires 78.74

A Ducat of Venice with the words Ducaton Venetus upon it 40.42 3 100 110.44 36.81 Lire Venice 10.44%

Another Ducat of Venice with the number 124 upon it 40.42 3 100 110.44 36.81 Lire Venice 10.44%

A Crusat of St. Mark of Venice with the numb. 140 upon it 40.42 3 100 124.69 41.56 Lire Venice 24.69%

The double Gulden of the Elector of Hanover 56.29 3 20 25.58 8.53 Reichs-Gulden 27.91%

The Gulden of the Elector of Hanover or piece of ²/3 28.14 3 20 25.59 8.53 Reichs-Gulden 27.93%

The half Gulden of the Elector of Hanover or piece of ¹/3 14.70 3 20 24.49 8.16 Reichs-Gulden 22.45%

The Gulden of the Elector of Saxony or piece of ²/3 28.12 3 20 25.60 8.53 Reichs-Gulden 28.02%

The Gulden of the Duke of Zell. or piece of 16 Gute Grosh 28.20 3 20 25.53 8.51 Reichs-Gulden 27.66%

An half Gulden of Brandenburg or piece of ¹/3 14.00 3 20 25.71 8.57 Reichs-Gulden 28.57%

An old Gulden of the Elector of Brandenburg now raised from 24 to 26 Marien Grosh 30.41 3 20 25.65 8.55 Reichs-Gulden 28.25%

A Gulden of the Bishop Hildesheim or piece of 24 Marien Grosh now raised to 26 30.21 3 20 25.82 8.61 Reichs-Gulden 29.10%

The four Mark piece of Danemark of coarse allay 32.23 9 40 44.68 4.96 Reichsthaler 11.70%

The four Mark piece of Danemark of finer allay 32.45 9 40 44.38 4.93 Reichsthaler 10.94%

The eight mark piece of Swedeland 62.52 9 40 34.55 3.84 Reichsthaler -13.63%

The four Mark piece of Swedeland 30.73 9 40 35.14 3.9 Reichsthaler -12.14%

The Rixdoller of the last Emperor Ferdinand III 54.27 9 40 53.07 5.9 Reichsthaler 32.67%

The Rixdoller of the pre sent Emperor Leopold 54.27 9 40 53.07 5.9 Reichsthaler 32.67%

The Rixdoller of Sigismund III. & Vladislaus IIII. Kings of Poland 54.40 9 40 52.94 5.88 Reichsthaler 32.35%

The Rixdoller of Ferdinand Archduke of Austria 53.78 9 40 53.55 5.95 Reichsthaler 33.88%

The old Banck Doller of Hamborough 54.92 9 40 52.44 5.83 Reichsthaler 31.10%

The old Rixdoller of Dantzick 54.27 9 40 53.07 5.9 Reichsthaler 32.67%

The old Rixdoller of Thorne neare Dantzick 53.85 9 40 53.48 5.94 Reichsthaler 33.70%

The old Rixdoller of Nuremburg 55.55 9 40 51.85 5.76 Reichsthaler 29.61%

The old Rixdoller of Hanover 55.30 9 40 52.08 5.79 Reichsthaler 30.20%

The old Rixdoller of Lunenburg 54.65 9 40 52.70 5.86 Reichsthaler 31.75%

The old Rixdoller of the Elector of Brandenburg 55.17 9 40 52.20 5.8 Reichsthaler 30.51%

The old Rixdoller of Lubec 55.52 9 40 51.87 5.76 Reichsthaler 29.68%

i	ii	iii	iv	v	vi	vii	viii
Coin	pence	Our Default		Precisely	Newton Rate	Currency	Discrepancy
[Pound Sterling]	240.00	1	1	1.00	1	Pound Sterling	0.00%
The Ecu of France or Piece of 60 sols. Turnois	54.13	3	40	39.90	13.3	French Livres	-0.24%
The three-Guilder piece of Holland or piece of 60 styvers	62.46	9	100	103.75	11.53	Dutch Guilders	3.75%
The Ducaton of Holland or piece of 63 Styvers	65.59	9	100	103.74	11.53	Dutch Guilders	3.74%
The Patagon or Rix doller of Holland or piece of 50 Styvers	52.28	9	100	103.29	11.48	Dutch Guilders	3.29%
The 10-schelling piece of Zeland. or piece of 60 styvers	62.21	9	100	104.16	11.57	Dutch Guilders	4.16%
The Lyon Doller of Holland or of the Ducaton	43.70	9	100	98.86	10.98	Dutch Guilders	-1.14%
The Ducaton of Flanders or pieces of 60 sols or Patars	66.15	9	16	16.33	1.81	Pond Vlaams	2.04%
The Patagon or cross Doller of Flanders or piece of 48 Patars	52.91	9	16	16.33	1.81	Pond Vlaams	2.06%
The Doller or Patagon of the Bishop of Liege	52.48	9	16	16.46	1.83	Pond Vlaams	2.90%
The Ducaton of Cologn	65.20	9	40			Reichsthaler
The Doller of Cologn	52.53	9	40	41.12	4.57	Reichsthaler	2.80%
The Piastre of Spain or Sevil piece of 8 Reaus now raised to 10	53.88	51	1900	2271.71	44.54	Spanish Reals	19.56%
The New Sevil piece of eight	43.11	51	1900	2271.40	44.54	Spanish Reals	19.55%
The Crusado of Portugal of 400 Res now raised to 480	34.31	1	3565	3357.62	3357.62	Port. Reals	-5.82%
A Ducat of Naples of 10 Carlins or 5 Tarins	40.43
An Escuti or Ecu of Rome or piece of 10 Julios 1684	40.43
The Teston of Rome or piece of three Julios	18.21
The Ducat of Florence & Leghorn or piece of 7 livres	64.57
The Crown of Florence & Leghorn or ⁴/5 of the Ducat	51.66
The Croisat of Genoa or piece of 7½ lires	78.74
A Ducat of Venice with the words Ducaton Venetus upon it	40.42	3	100	110.44	36.81	Lire Venice	10.44%
Another Ducat of Venice with the number 124 upon it	40.42	3	100	110.44	36.81	Lire Venice	10.44%
A Crusat of St. Mark of Venice with the numb. 140 upon it	40.42	3	100	124.69	41.56	Lire Venice	24.69%
The double Gulden of the Elector of Hanover	56.29	3	20	25.58	8.53	Reichs-Gulden	27.91%
The Gulden of the Elector of Hanover or piece of ²/3	28.14	3	20	25.59	8.53	Reichs-Gulden	27.93%
The half Gulden of the Elector of Hanover or piece of ¹/3	14.70	3	20	24.49	8.16	Reichs-Gulden	22.45%
The Gulden of the Elector of Saxony or piece of ²/3	28.12	3	20	25.60	8.53	Reichs-Gulden	28.02%
The Gulden of the Duke of Zell. or piece of 16 Gute Grosh	28.20	3	20	25.53	8.51	Reichs-Gulden	27.66%
An half Gulden of Brandenburg or piece of ¹/3	14.00	3	20	25.71	8.57	Reichs-Gulden	28.57%
An old Gulden of the Elector of Brandenburg now raised from 24 to 26 Marien Grosh	30.41	3	20	25.65	8.55	Reichs-Gulden	28.25%
A Gulden of the Bishop Hildesheim or piece of 24 Marien Grosh now raised to 26	30.21	3	20	25.82	8.61	Reichs-Gulden	29.10%
The four Mark piece of Danemark of coarse allay	32.23	9	40	44.68	4.96	Reichsthaler	11.70%
The four Mark piece of Danemark of finer allay	32.45	9	40	44.38	4.93	Reichsthaler	10.94%
The eight mark piece of Swedeland	62.52	9	40	34.55	3.84	Reichsthaler	-13.63%
The four Mark piece of Swedeland	30.73	9	40	35.14	3.9	Reichsthaler	-12.14%
The Rixdoller of the last Emperor Ferdinand III	54.27	9	40	53.07	5.9	Reichsthaler	32.67%
The Rixdoller of the pre sent Emperor Leopold	54.27	9	40	53.07	5.9	Reichsthaler	32.67%
The Rixdoller of Sigismund III. & Vladislaus IIII. Kings of Poland	54.40	9	40	52.94	5.88	Reichsthaler	32.35%
The Rixdoller of Ferdinand Archduke of Austria	53.78	9	40	53.55	5.95	Reichsthaler	33.88%
The old Banck Doller of Hamborough	54.92	9	40	52.44	5.83	Reichsthaler	31.10%
The old Rixdoller of Dantzick	54.27	9	40	53.07	5.9	Reichsthaler	32.67%
The old Rixdoller of Thorne neare Dantzick	53.85	9	40	53.48	5.94	Reichsthaler	33.70%
The old Rixdoller of Nuremburg	55.55	9	40	51.85	5.76	Reichsthaler	29.61%
The old Rixdoller of Hanover	55.30	9	40	52.08	5.79	Reichsthaler	30.20%
The old Rixdoller of Lunenburg	54.65	9	40	52.70	5.86	Reichsthaler	31.75%
The old Rixdoller of the Elector of Brandenburg	55.17	9	40	52.20	5.8	Reichsthaler	30.51%
The old Rixdoller of Lubec	55.52	9	40	51.87	5.76	Reichsthaler	29.68%