English Money

£ s. d.
1 guinea [8.35 / 7.65 g Au] = 21 shillings, 6 pence
1 pound / £ = 20 shillings
1 crown = 5 shillings
1 half-a-crown = 2 shillings, 6 pence
1 shilling / s. = 12 pence
1 penny / d. = 4 farthings
1 farthing

The guinea gold coin, first issued on 6 Feb. 1663 (1662 Old Style) with the value of 20s reached nearly 30s in 1694 before the rehabilitation of the silver coinage under William III. allowed a new fixing at 21s 6d in 1698. The proclamation of Dec. 1717 fixed it at 21 s.

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Scots Money

£ s. d.
1 pistole = 12 pounds
1 half pistole = 6 pounds
1 dollar = 4 merks
= 56 shillings
1 pound / £ = 20 shillings
1 merk = 14 shillings
1 half merk = 7 shillings
1 quarter merk = 3 shillings, 6 pence
1 shilling / s. = 12 pence
1 bawbee = 6 pence
1 turner or bodle = 2 pence
1 pence / d.

The orginal value of the merk minted in the reign of Charles II was 13s 4d; in 1681 it was raised to 14s (the 4 merk piece rose accordingly from 53s 4d to 56s). Gold pistoles were only minted in 1701. Shillings circulated in coins of 5s, 10s, 20s, 40s, and 60s. After the Act of Union, 1707, Scotland's real money and its money of account were by law uniform with those of England.

More information on British money.link
Exchange rate: Pound Sterling = Pound Scots

Source: Isaac Newton 16 Feb. 1709/10link
© Matthias Böhne / Olaf Simons, 2005
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